Law of Wreck, The
Page 801
Index
Index
- abandoned ships
- abandonment: derelict ;
- Accident Reporting Regulations 2012
- adventurae maris , 247,
- acquisition: law of the flag 214;
- actual total loss ;
- Aegean Sea 12, 61, 100, 102, 104, 105, 137
- Affected States: determining hazards ;
- aircraft 212, 228, 281, 282, 285, 286, 290, 291, 292, 322, 323, 338, 339, 346, 347, 348, 351, 403, 452, 484, 658, 665, , 700
- alternative dispute resolution
- Amoco Cadiz 11, 13, 63, 135, 137, 319, 411
- Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979
- apportionment: collision liability ;
- GA security 172;
- sub-apportionment of liability 111;
- Wreckhire contract 618
- Assi Eurolink 121, 123, , 428, 492, 531
- Athens Convention 1974 78;
- passenger claims 85;
- UK domestic carriage 89
- Athens Convention 2002 :
- Baltic Ace , 104, , 123, 128, 140, 446, 513, 531, 595, 604, 657, 670
- barratry 47, 177, 458, 500, 550
- Bargehire 2008 607, 711
- Basel Convention 1989: Conference of the Parties 668, ;
- BIMCO ;
- Bonn Agreement: Christos Bitas 657;
- OPRC 1990 323;
- WRC 2007 387
- Brussels I Regulation Recast 55, 56, 89, 90, 118, 120, 124, 203, 204:
- Art 9 125;
- Art 45(1)(a) 125, 127;
- EU jurisdiction 127;
- Uno case 126
- Bunkers Convention 2001 ;
- EEZ ;
- Environmental Liability Directive 2004 ;
- hazard definition 404;
- HNSC 2010 147;
- LLMC pollution claims 101, 626;
- multi-state limitation proceedings ;
- national law ;
- pollution damage liability 59, 432, 505;
- Rena legal claims ;
- salvage 583;
- ship registry 415;
- state parties 381, 668;
- time charterers ;
- voyage charterers 61;
- WRC 2007 369, , ; 490, 492, 496, 502, 507, ;
- wreck pollution
- carcasses 396, 600, 601, 662, 663, 685, 693, 700
- cargo claims 36,-37; ;
- LLMC, and 99
- cargo forwarding costs ;
- cargo owners/interests: carriage contracts, and 11, 36, 43, ;
- collision ;
- directions to 258;
- insurance and GA 169, 174, , 189, 194;
- liability for wreck , 137;
- limitation 103, 108, 137, 710;
- removal by
interests 38, 206;Page 802
- practical difficulties after wreck 36;
- salvage or removal operations , 108, 166, 182, 194, 255, 271, 574, 580;
- state immunity 163;
- waste 685, 702;
- wreck and 206 528, 612;
- see also dangerous goods
- cargo problems ;
- changing environmental focus 30;
- see also container problems, dangerous goods
- cargo removal 96: under CLC 140, 518;
- carriage claims: forum issues 55
- carriage contracts ;
- CEFAS: SCU pollution response 265
- charterers ;
- Chitra 440, 443, 445, 474, 658, 661, 670
-
Christos Bitas 261, 657;
- see also Bonn Agreement
- Cita 14
- claims subject to limitation: charterers and limitation 105;
- CLC 1969: Amoco Cadiz ;
- CLC 1992 ;
- Aegean Sea 12;
- Amoco Cadiz 11;
- bareboat charterer 59;
- Bunkers Convention 2001 , 157;
- EEZ , 431;
- Environmental Liability Directive 2004 ;
- Erika ;
- Fund Convention regime, and ;
- hazard definition 404, ;
- HNSC 2010 130;
- insurer’s liability cap ;
- LC Protocol 1996 663;
- multi-state limitation proceedings ;
- national law ;
- pollution claims ;
- pollution risks ;
- salvage payment 258;
- SCOPIC ;
- ship’s registry ;
- time charterer 64;
- voyage charterer 61;
- WRC 2007 375, , 399, 409, 411, , ,
- CLCS
- CMI: cargo removal , ;
- coal 30, 54, 103, 147, 242, 295, 446, 447, 482, 483, 489, 520, 530, 661, 662
- coastguard: wreck claims ;
- see also MCA
- Collision Convention 1910: proportionate fault rule
- collision liability :
- Commune de Mesquer , , 702
- compensation: death and injury of passengers ;
- Maritime Labour Convention 76
- Conlinebooking Note 709
- constructive total loss , , 668;
- consumer protection 77, 80, 83, 89, 154, 174, 193, 202, 607
- container: problems ;
- increased size 31;
- limitation, and 55;
- lost overboard 30;
- weight and contents 31;
- see also dangerous cargo, MSC Napoli
- contractor, choice of 603
- Controlled Waste Regulations: EPA 1990 701
- Coral Bulker 444
- cost insurance freight: GA security ;
- sale of good contracts 37
-
Costa Concordia , 32;
- casualty 27;
- commercial choices for disposal 703;
- compulsory insurance 491;
- cost and liability 29, 81, 88, 103, 107, 110, 491, 531, 713;
- EEZ 454;
- liability cap 502, 508;
- limitation forum shopping ;
- LLMC 1996 97, 110;
- P&I Club , 201, 443, , 605;
- recovery of bodies 597;
- removal claims ;
- removal operation 28, 140, 156, , 459, , 474, 601, 641, 670, 696, 703;
- Rena 21, 713;
- responsibility for arranging wreck removal 602;
- scrapping 670, 682;
- shipowner liability 438;
- vessel classification 452;
- WRC 2007 comparisons 438, 452, 454, 459, 502, 508, 531, 543
- CP Valour 444
- crew ;
-
dangerous cargo 15, 16, 137, 146, 257, 312, 418, 439, 440, 445;Page 803
- deadweight tonnage 135, 136, 148
- DEFRA 264
- Department for Business Energy and Industrial Strategy 250, 683:
- offshore installations 250
- Department for Transport 250: Christos Bitas 657;
- costs incurred 549, 557;
- counter-pollution preparedness 250;
- Gaul 598;
- GLAs and 558;
- historic wreck recovery, and 332, 354;
- MAIB, and 266;
- MSA 1995 Part 9A , , ;
- Odyssey Marine Exploration 332, ;
- receiver of wreck, and 270;
- recycling regulation ;
- shipping inquiries ;
- SOSREP ;
- UK coastguard 277;
- UK default wreck removal 544;
- WRC 2007 consultation 360, 529, 534, 536, 545, 547, 550, 551, 553, 554, 555, 558, 559
- derelict and abandoned ships: WRC 2007 ;
- see also abandoned ships
- deviation 50, 69, 185, 199
- Dismantlecon 712
- disposal legislation: Basel Convention 1989 ;
- Environmental Protection Act 1900 ;
- Hong Kong Ship Recycling Convention 2009 ;
- LC Protocol 1996 , ;
- London (Dumping) Convention 1972/1996 , ;
- OSPAR Convention 1992 ;
- Ship Recycling Regulation 2013 ;
- UK Ship Recycling Requirements Regulations 2018 ;
- Waste Framework Directive 2008 ;
- Waste Shipment Regulation 2006
- disposal of wreck ;
- DOALOS 320
- Donaldson, Lord 12, 200, , 257, 262, 265
- Dona Paz 15
- dumping: abandonment, or ;
- EEZ: affected state definition ;
- binding nature of WRC 2007 ;
- casualty consequence protection 321;
- coastal State action ;
- creation, UNCLOS 299, ;
- HNSC 2010; insurance cover ;
- non-State party wrecks ;
- pollution threat 310, ;
- powers over UK 262;
- territorial waters 134;
- Tricolor/Kariba collision ;
- UCH 2001 jurisdictional structure , ;
- UNCLOS Art 60;
- WRC 2007 368, , , 384, , 388
- EMSA: maritime accident review 6
- Environmental Liability Directive 2004 ;
- HNSC 2010 144;
- pollution risks 626;
- WRC 2007 516
- EPA 1990
- Erika , 135, 139, 140, 146, 150, 197, 253, 681, 689
- EU: limitation fund recognition
- EU legislation: Environmental Liability Directive 2004 ;
- Exempted Activities Order: Art 9 698;
- Exxon Valdez 11
- Fedra 33, 91, 152, 161, 254, 445, 471, 573, 604, 612, 637
- fixed and floating platforms: WRC 2007
- flag State obligations ;
- Floreana 448, 658, 670
- Frustration 35, , 49, 171, 185, 572, 579, 592
- Fund Convention 1971: Amoco Cadiz 11;
- Braer 12;
- CLC 1992 134;
- IMCO 132;
- WRC 2007 371
- Fund Convention 1992 ;
- Galapaface 448, 658, 670
- Gaul 268, 321, 467, 598
- general average ;
-
general lighthouse authority: directions, and 549;Page 804
- Hague Rules: Art III r8 63;
- Hague/Visby Rules: Article III 50;
- Hamburg Rules 1978: proof of fault 46
- Harbour authority: abandoned wrecks and 560;
- Haven 11
- Heavycon ;
- Heavyconbill, and 710
- Himalaya clause 41, 49, 625, 633, 640, 708, 763;
- see also privity, of contract
- HNSC 2010 ;
- Art 7(5) 440;
- bareboat charterers 59;
- cargo owner’s liability 58;
- cargo removal ;
- Commune de Mesquer 689;
- hazard definition 404;
- liability cap 502, 507;
- multi-state limitation proceedings 117;
- pollution claims , ;
- pollution threats 432;
- SCOPIC 593;
- state liability 435;
- state of ship’s registry 415;
- time charterers 64;
- voyage charterers 61;
- WRC 2007 130, 375, 385, 492, , 530;
- wreck and cargo removal claims 103
- Hong Kong Convention 2009: Ship Recycling Regulation 2013 ;
- human remains 222, 280, 281, 282, 333, 346, 349, 396, 406, , 479,
- Ievoli Sun 30, 662
- IMDG: nuclear liability conventions 521
- IMO ;
- Baltic Ace 121;
- “Blue Cards” 76;
- Bunkers Convention 2001 143;
- CLC 99-cruise ship wrecks, reaction to 15;
- defences of liability ;
- Environmental Liability Directive 2004 151;
- EU compensation regimes 14;
- “Guidelines on Fair Treatment of Seafarers in the Event of a Maritime Accident” ;
- “Guidelines on Provision of Financial Security in Case of Abandonment of Seafarers” 73, ;
- “Guidelines on Shipowners’ Responsibilities in Respect of Contractual Claims for Personal Injury to or Death of Seafarers’’ 73;
- HNSC 1996 ;
- Legal Committee 88, 135;
- “Liability and Compensation Regarding Claims for Death, Personal Injury and Abandonment of Seafarers” ;
- liability for pollution following wreck ;
- MEPC 297;
- Salvage Convention 1989 289;
- Torrey Canyon 6, 10;
- UNCLOS, obligations 300, 306, 308;
- WRC 2007 200
- Institute of International Law 231, , 352, 394
- in specie salvage award
- influential wreck casualties
- see also cargo problems; other wrecks 14; tanker wrecks; individual ships’ names
- insurance: cargo cover ;
- insurer’s rights ;
- international conventions: Athens Convention 2002 ;
- Athens Convention 1974 78, 85,89;
- Basel Convention 1989 ;
- Bonn Agreement 657, 323, 387;
- Brussels I Regulation Recast ;
- Bunkers Convention 2001 , ;
- CLC 1992 , ;
- Collision Convention 1910 ;
- Fund Convention 1992 ;
- Fund Convention 1971 11, 12, 134, 132, 371;
- Hague-Visby Rules 1968 , 44, , , ;
- Hamburg Rules 1978 46;
- HNSC 2010 , ;
- Hong Kong Convention 2009 ;
- Intervention Convention 1969 ;
- LC Protocol 1996 ;
- LC 1972 , 667;
- Limitation Convention 1924 96;
- LLMC 1996 99, 116, , 554;
- LLMC 1976 97, 109, 111;
- London (Dumping) Convention 1972/1996 ;
- Maritime Labour Convention 2006 ;
- MARPOL , , 407, , 420, ;
- Montreal Compromise 165;
- OPRC-HNS Protocol 1990
- OSPAR Convention 1992 ;
- Paris Convention 1960 521;
- Salvage Convention 1910 158, 289, ;
- Salvage Convention 1989 , ;
- SCOPIC 2018 ,
;Page 805
- Supplementary Fund Protocol 2003 ;
- UCH 2001 , ;
- UNCLOS ;
- UNESCO 213, , 340, 343, 349;
- Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties ;
- Vienna Nuclear Damage Convention 521;
- Wreck Removal Convention 2007
- Intervention Convention 132, , 306, 319, 361;
- ISM Code 419
- ISU Sub-Contract (Award Sharing) 2001 572, 573
- jurisdiction: bills of lading 39, 53, ;
- CLC 134;
- collisions 94;
- HNSC 2010 149;
- law of sea and UNCLOS 295, 298, , 373, ;
- limitation , 504, 507;
- ownership and possession , 221, ;
- passengers 90;
- P&I ;
- recycling 678, 680;
- States and SCOPIC ;
- UCH 2001 , 415;
- sovereign immunity , ;
- UK 262, 265, 351, 529, 548, 558, 571, 673;
- US and salvage 350;
- WRC 2007 362, , , 480, 504, 512
- Kea Trader 30, 448, 696
- Lagik 360, 526
- law of finds
- law of the sea ;
- LC 1972 , 667;
- LC Protocol 1996 ;
- liability: burden of proof 50;
- Limitation Convention 1924 96
- limitation of liability :
- Baltic Ace litigation ;
- ‘breaking’ limits ;
- claims subject to ;
- craft subject to 97;
- establishing fund 116;
- forum shopping ;
- fund recognition and the EU ;
- LLMC fund and wreck removal reservation ;
- multi-state proceedings ;
- persons entitled 98;
- policy ;
- procedure and forum shopping ;
- salvors and wreck removal contractors ;
- WRC 2007
- LLMC 1976 97, 109, 111;
- air-cushioned vehicles 395;
- floating platforms 401;
- fund and wreck removal reservation ;
- opt-out for wreck and cargo removal claims 100, 101, 102, 104, , 143, 151, 489, 490, 493, 498, 502, 503, , 514, 516, 517, 521, 531, 532, 545, 552, 553, 554,;
- gross tonnage ;
- limitation of liability 96, 119, 122, 128, 503;
- major casualty 84;
- passenger claims 90;
- Rena 21, 26;
- UK reservation 115, 552, 553, 554;
- Uno Case 126;
- Waste Framework Directive, relationship with 693;
- WRC 2007 , 514, 532, 535, 553;
- see also limitation of liability, LLMC 1996
- LLMC 1996: Art 1(6) ;
- Art 2(1)(e) 554;
- Art 6(2) 554;
- Art 7 99;
- Art 10 116;
- Art 11 116;
- Baltic Ace ;
- Hague/Visby Rules ;
- limitation of liability 57, , , , 119, 128, , 147, 490, 517, , 624, 626;
- MSC Napoli 17;
- passengers, wreck and 77;
- pollution claims ;
- Shen Neng 1 ;
- The Cape Bari 624;
- WRC 2007 399, 402, , , 514, ;
- wreck removal 369;
- wreck removal reservation 115, , 130;
- see also limitation of liability, LLMC 1976
- LOF 7, 16, 19, 38, 108, 153, 154, 155, 157, 158, 160, 161, 163, 168, 169, 172, 173, 239, 254, 255, 433, 444, 447, 448, 515, 568, 569, 571, 572, 573, 578, , 586, 588, 589, 590, 592, 594, 597, 602, 611, 612, 620, 674
- LSSAC: cl 2(d) 582;
- LOF 2011 163
- Lusitania , , 238, 242, 247, 269
- Lutine 229,
- MAIB 266
- Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009: dumping in the UK ;
- marine insurance ;
- cargo cover ;
- H&M cover ;
- insurance cover for liabilities ;
- practice of underwriters
;Page 806
- role with shipwreck ;
- Ship Recycling Regulation 2013 674;
- total loss ,
- maritime casualty: WRC 2007
- Maritime Labour Convention 2006 ;
- MARPOL: coastal state 407, 420;
- Marchioness 15, 79, 267
- MCA 250, 263, 264, 277:
- MEPC 297
- MIA 1906 174, 198, ;
- Mikhail Lermontov 15, 438
- MOD 220, 294, 354
- Mont Louis , 408, 491, 521
- mortgagee , 668, 706
- MSA 1995 ;
- New Flame , 491, 604
-
MSC Napoli , 445;
- casualty 15, 459;
- charterers 36, 39, 40, 56, 69, 98, 105, 257;
- containers 31, 52, 57, 118, 163, 182, 252, 490, 575, 671, 708;
- insurance 177, 180, 182, 185, 491;
- legal claims 17, 105, 177, 445, 491, 575;
- limitation 105, 110;
- removal operations 16, 254, 445, 454, 601, , 664, , 700, 703, 708;
- response coordination 251, 254, , 559, 571, 591, 596, 684;
- YAR 170
- MSMSA 1997
- MTA 1994: Rena 19,
- NCP ;
- non-State parties: Athens Convention, and 78, 87;
- notice of abandonment 12, 171, 187, , , 224, , 236, 238, 525
- Oceanus 446
- Oliva 447
- OPRC 1990 249, 250, 312, 321–4, 595;
- OPRC-HNS Protocol 322
- OSPAR Convention 1992 ,
- ownership ;
- Paris Convention 1960: nuclear liabilities 521
- P&I Clubs 174;
- Athens Convention 2002 88;
- availability of cover 197;
- crew claims ;
- cover for casualties ;
- financial security for abandonment ;
- HNS diplomatic conference 130;
- Large Casualty Working Group 443;
- major incident analysis ;
- Montreal Compromise 165;
- SCOPIC 2018 , ;
- shipowner liability 456, 576, 602;
- spill handling 14;
- state action 603;
- tankers ;
- typical cover for casualties ;
- WRC 2007 469, 491, , ;
- wreck liabilities ;
- wreck removals
- passengers :
- platforms: decommissioning 712;
- polluting wrecks: intervention beyond territorial seas 296;
- pollution liability ;
-
possession: salvor’s right of , 396;Page 807
- Prestige 13, 14, 18, 135, 139, 140, 146, 203, 204, 253, 297, 304, 431, 442, 462, 493, 511, 512, 531, 596
- Privity 47, 112:
- actual fault, and 47, 67, 112, 113, 119, 199;
- of assured 178, 183, 199;
- of contract, and 108, 708
- and see Himalaya clause
- Projectcon 709, 711, 712
- proof of loss or damage
- proportionate action 321
- proportionate costs 471, 478, 531, 599
- proportionate fault 94
- proportionate loss 117
- proportionate marking 465, 480
- proportionate measures 33, 319, 414, 431, 433, 436, 441, 456, 471
- proportionate protection 320
- proportionate removal 475
- proportionate responses 411
- Protection of Military Remains Act 1986 249, ;
- human remains 222;
- salvage law 331
- Protection of Wrecks Act 1973 213, 249, ;
- Public relations
- reasonable measures see proportionate action; proportionate costs; proportionate fault; proportionate loss; proportionate marking; proportionate measures; proportionate protection; proportionate removal; proportionate responses
- receiver of wreck
- Recyclecon 2012 678, 682, 705, 712
- recycling: regulation ;
- see also dumping, scrapping, ship recycling
- refuge, place of 12, 16, 18, 89, 162, 170, 194, , 265, 323, 462, 596, 627, 684
- registered shipowner’s liability for costs ;
- Registration Regulations 1993: ship deregistration, wreck and 705
-
Rena , 320, 406, 442, 444, 447, 595, 661, 666;
- bills of lading 39, 56, 630;
- casualty , 608;
- charterers 36, 39, 69, ;
- consent order ;
- criminal proceedings 71;
- legal claims 21, 32, 48, 197, 264, 459, 491, 511, 531, 605;
- legal problems 20, 145, 168, 207, 318, 481, 523, 560, 612;
- limitation 96, 103, 110, 114, , 503, 532;
- practical problems 20, 30, 32, , 608, 618, 630, 661;
- salvage problems 168, 569, 571, 575, 583, 591;
- trust fund and finality 320, ;
- WRC 2007 comparisons 471, 474, 490, , 508,
- repatriation costs: Maritime Labour Convention 2006 74
- reporting of accidents 267
- rights: abandonment ;
- Rokia Delmas 445
- Rome II Regulation: Art 15
- Sale see also wreck (sale of), wreck (sale of goods contracts, and)
- Saleform 2012 705
- salvage: applicable law 153;
- environment, and ;
- equitable jurisdiction 571;
- frustration of charter 572, 579;
- in specie award ;
- law of ;
- liability to pay 161;
- non-commercialisation of cultural heritage ;
- of or by State vessels 276;
- professional salvage and wreck removal contractors 155;
- receiver of Wreck’s function ;
- reward , 164;
- SCOPIC 2018 , ;
- security for payment 162;
- ships about to sink or strand ;
- special compensation ;
- terminology 154;
- underwater cultural heritage
- Salvage Association 216, 239
- Salvage Convention 1910 158;
- Salvage Convention 1989 103, 137, 144, , 157, , 167, 294, 398, , ;
- Art 1 ;
- Art 3 577;
- Art 4 ;
- Art 5 430, 549;
- Art 6 , , 590;
- Art 7 ;
- Art 8 , 611;
- Art 10 573;
- Art 12 575;
- Art 13 108, 160, , 575, , 596;
- Art 14 108, 159, 172, 433, , 586, 589, 698;
- Art 18 574;
- Art 19 240, ;
- Art 20 162;
- Art 21 ;
- compensation 550;
- cooperation 387;
- environmental salvage issues 363;
- historic wreck 332;
- IMO international conventions 300;
- liability salvage ;
- recovery of bodies ;
- SCOPIC 2018 168, 586, , 593, 698; state vessels 348;
- Torrey Canyon ;
- voluntary salvage ;
- WRC 2007 , 429, ;
- WRC overlap ;
- wreck definition 213;
- YAR 169
-
Salvcon 2005 570, 573Page 808
- Salvhire 2005 570, 573
- salvors and finders’ rights ;
- SCOPIC 165, , 515, 600;
- Appendix B 584;
- Appendix C 585;
- bunkers and caretaking role 144, 254, , 602, , 698;
- cl 1 590;
- cl 2 584, 587;
- cl 3 587, ;
- cl 4 ;
- cl 5 692;
- cl 9 578, ;
- cl 12 584;
- cl 13 ;
- cl 14 ;
- cl 15 172;
- CTL, and 190;
- damages, and 60;
- GA, and 171, 172;
- limitation, and 108;
- MSC Napoli 16;
- P&I Clubs, and 32, 33, 199, 205, 444, 445, 446, 572, 577, 608, 610;
- preventing pollution from wreck ;
- Rena 19, 571;
- Salvage Convention 1989 154, 155, 158, 188, 254;
- security ;
- special hull representative 71, 194;
- special casualty representative 71, 577, , 632;
- special representatives 71, ;
- termination provisions 571, 578, , 621;
- transition from salvage to wreck removal 569, 570, , 605;
- waste 690;
- WRC 2007 515
- scrapping ;
- see also dumping, ship recycling
- Sea Diamond 446, 503
- Sea Empress 12, 140, 249, 250, 257, 265, 596, 685
- seagoing 79, 85, 89, 97, 134, 141, 145, 395, 402, , 493, 553
- Seawheel Rhine/Assi Eurolink case 123,
- Sewol 15, 156, 320, 467, 492, 597, 598, 599, 610, 710
- Shen Neng 1 112, 147, 320, 447, 489
- ship recycling
- Ship Recycling Regulation 2013 ;
- Ship Recycling Requirements (EU Exit) Regulations 2019: Brexit entry into force 679
- Ship Recycling Requirements Regulations 2018 679,
- shipowners’ and insurers’ liabilities: Bunkers Convention 2001 ;
- cargo removal under WRC 2007 ;
- CLC 1992 ;
- compulsory insurance ;
- defences to shipowner liability ;
- HNSC 2010 ;
- limitation of shipowners’ liability ;
- LLMC ;
- overlaps with other maritime liability regimes
- P&I Club ;
- registered shipowner’s liability for costs ;
- time limits ;
- triggers to liability ;
- WRC 2007 437–522,
- single ship company 19, 56, 74, 77, 102, 113, 128, 132, 135, 142, 183, 187, 202, 360, 471, , 524, 531, 568, , 614, 628
- Smart 30, 147, 446, 447, 489, 604, 606, 610, 658, 661, 670
- SOLAS: coastal states 312;
- SOSREP 12, 261, 265;
- sovereign immunity
- State: non-commercial ships WRC 2007 definition
- State rights ;
- sunken or stranded ship: WRC 2007
- Supplementary Fund Protocol 2003 ;
- tanker wrecks
- Tanio 11, 428, 431, 443
- Tasman Spirit 71, 572, 606
- territorial waters: extension of WRC 2007 ;
- terrorism: Athens Convention 2002
- time charter 36, 45, 58, 62, , 556, 572;
-
Titanic 237, 238, 243–8, , 303, 314, , 597
- …Tojo Maru 47, 106, 107, 143, 153, 556, 574, 578
- tonnage: dwt 9, 135;
-
Torrey Canyon ;
- BP charterer, and ;
- casualty 7;
- international action after 30, 32, , 134, 138, 144, 163, 184, 249, 252, 261, 296, 359, , 408, 425, 514, 656,
663, 697;Page 809
- legal claims , 48, 56, 110, 123, , 381, 441, , 590
- Towcon 2008 109, 569, 573, 607, 608, 631, 708, 711
- Towhire 2008 109, 569, 573, 607, 608, 611, 615, 622, 624, 631, 632, 708, 711
- Tricolor 28, 92, 320, 360, 361, 444, 595
- TSWR Regulations 2007: wreck disposal powers 674
- Tubantia 226, , 287
- UCH 2001 , ;
- dispute settlement 389;
- elimination of law of salvage ;
- international cooperation ;
- jurisdictional structure ;
- regulatory regime ;
- Salvage Convention 1989 332;
- state practice ;
- state-owned vessels ;
- UNCLOS 306, 316;
- underwater cultural heritage, definition ;
- UNESCO implementation 349;
- US approach to historic wreck 286;
- WRC 2007 420
- UK Club Rules 2018: payment first by the Owner 201
- UK legislation: Accident Reporting Regulations 2012 ;
- Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 ;
- Carriage of Passengers Regulations 2012 89;
- Environmental Protection Act 1900 ;
- Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 264, ;
- MIA 1906 174, 198, ;
- MSA 1995 , ;
- MTA Maritime Transport Act 1994 ;
- Protection of Military Remains Act 1986 249, ;
- Protection of Wrecks Act 1973 213, 249, ;
- Registration Regulations 1993 705;
- Ship Recycling Requirements (EU Exit) Regulations 2019: Brexit entry into force 679;
- Ship Recycling Requirements Regulations 2018 679, ;
- Ship Recycling Requirements Regulation 2013 ;
- TSWR Regulations 2007 674;
- Waste Regulations 2011 ;
- Wreck Removal Convention Act 2011 524, , 550
- UK regulation: abandoned ships ;
- accession choices for states ;
- dumping ;
- intervention powers ;
- local harbour legislation ;
- marine waste licensing and exemptions ;
- MSC Napoli, response coordination ;
- pollution preparedness and response ;
- SOSREP, relationship between public agencies ;
- role of ;
- waste regulations ;
- wreck response, and
- UK territorial waters: rights outside ;
- UNCLOS ;
- underwater cultural heritage ;
- definition ;
- good archaeological practice ;
- implementation through UNESCO 349;
- international cooperation ;
- jurisdictional structure ;
- non-commercialisation and salvage ;
- protection of historic wrecks 325;
- regulated activities 336;
- regulatory and deterrent regime ;
- state-owned vessels ;
- state practice ;
- UCH 2001 ;
- UK position ;
- US position ;
- warships
- UNESCO Convention: historic wrecks 213, , 343;
- Uno case , 126, 128
- unpaid wages 75
- US Abandoned Shipwreck Act 1987 213, , 247, , 350
- V Due 254
- vessels in distress
- Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties ;
- Vienna Nuclear Damage Convention 521
- Voyage charter 36, 43, 45, , 64, 65, 66, 109, 609, 710;
- warships: WRC 2007 ;
- see also sovereign immunity
- Waste: EU Waste Framework Directive 674, 683, ;
- Waste Framework Directive 2008 674, 683, ;
- Waste Regulations 2011 ;
- Environmental Protection Act 1990 701;
- practical compliance 703
- Waste Shipment Regulation 2006: wreck disposal
-
wilful misconduct 113, 136, 138, 176, 177, 178, 182, 183, 184, 187, 196, 198, 199, 207, 458, 459, 465, 498, , 502, 506, 552, 656, 663, 726, 743Page 810
- wreccum maris , 247,
- wreck: cargo position after 36;
- carriage of goods contracts, and ;
- collision liability, and ;
- charterers, and ;
- crew, and ;
- definitions 4;
- disposal ;
- general average, and ;
- law of salvage, and ;
- law of the sea, and ;
- limitation of liability, and ;
- marine insurance, and ;
- maritime law, and 3;
- non-State parties in territorial sea ;
- ownership ;
- passengers, and ;
- polluting wrecks 296, ;
- pollution liability, and ;
- practice of underwriters ;
- protection legislation ;
- receiver of ;
- rights, in relation to
- sale of 9, , 209, 215, 232, 235, 275, 326, 328, , 465, 527, 556, 561, 628, 649, , 672, 675, 677, 681, ;
- sale of goods contracts, and 37;
- shipping inquiries, and ;
- state rights, and , ;
- success in preventing ;
- UK regulations
- wreck cases: Baltic Ace ;
- wreck disposal; see disposal of wreck
- wreck protection legislation: Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 ;
- wreck removal ;
- Wreckfixed 2010: analysis ;
- Wreckhire 2010 108, 143, 165, 171, 584, 594, 606, 608, , 692, 708;
- Wreckstage 2010 608, , 708, 712;
- WRC 2007 ;
- accession choices for States ;
- Affected State ;
- Art 12(1) ;
- Art 12(10) 499;
- creation ;
- development ;
- EU Waste Framework Directive 2008, relationship with 693;
- extension/opt-in to territorial sea 376, 377, 393, , 456, 478, 512, 513, 531, 533, 538;
- hazard definition ;
- international legal order, and ;
- limitation of liability ;
- non-state parties, and , ;
- related interests definition ;
- removal definition 406;
- ships covered ;
- shipowners’ and insurers’ liabilities ;
- state territorial waters ;
- states’ rights and duties ;
- UNCLOS, and ;
- UK enactment ;
- wreck definition ;
- wrecks that pose a hazard
- WRCA 2011 , 550;