1 INTRODUCTION

Under English procedural law (see Chapter 5), there are two broad types of jurisdiction bases by which the jurisdiction of the court can be invoked, or seised, on the merits. The one depends merely on service of the proceedings on the defendant, without requiring substantive connecting factors between the claim and the jurisdiction, subject to certain exceptions (see ). The other is conferred by various International Conventions, known as the ‘convention jurisdiction’ basis, and depends on jurisdiction rules provided by the particular Convention that applies in a particular case.