12.1 In Norway, insurance contracts are regulated by the Act of 16 June 1989 No. 69 relating to Insurance Contracts, the Insurance Contracts Act (“ICA”). This Act is mandatory for national transport,2 but subject to several exclusions when the insurance is effected in connection with commercial activities. In particular, the ICA does not apply to the insurance of goods for international transport.3 However, the Norwegian Cargo Clauses, which in many instances apply to international transport,4 incorporate many of the rules of the ICA, in particular those dealing with the person effecting the insurance5 and the duties of the assured.6 The ICA rules are therefore relevant in many cases even though they do not apply on a mandatory level to international cargo insurance.