P. &. I Clubs Law and Practice
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CHAPTER 27
Direct Liability under International Convention Certificates
A. INTRODUCTION
27.1
As discussed in Chapter 10, P&I Clubs have traditionally covered their members for, inter alia, (i) pollution caused by a vessel, (ii) liabilities for personal injury to or death of passengers and (iii) wreck removal expenses. There are now international conventions in respect of all three of these areas.