2.1 It is convenient here to consider two inter-related issues: first, choice of law clauses and, second, choice of jurisdiction. These will be analysed in relation to the effectiveness of the standard clauses in use for cargo insurance, in particular, the law and jurisdiction provisions in the Institute Cargo Clauses and the Market Reform Contract (MRC). The wider aspects of the subject, in particular the applicable law and jurisdiction where there is no law or jurisdiction clause, are outside the scope of this book.1