Construction Insurance and UK Construction Contracts
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APPENDIX 4
JCT Standard Form of Building Contract 2011
Section 6 - Injury, Damage and Insurance
Injury to Persons and Property
Liability of Contractor - personal injury or death
6.1 The Contractor shall be liable for, and shall indemnify the Employer against, any expense, liability, loss, claim or proceedings whatsoever in respect of personal injury to or the death of any person arising out of or in the course of or caused by the carrying out of the Works, except to the extent that the same is due to any act or neglect of the Employer, of any of the Employer’s Persons or of any Statutory Undertaker.Liability of Contractor - injury or damage to property
6.2 The Contractor shall be liable for, and shall indemnify the Employer against, any expense, liability, loss, claim or proceedings in respect of any loss, injury or damage whatsoever to any property real or personal in so far as such loss, injury or damage arises out of or in the course of or by reason of the carrying out of the Works and to the extent that the same is due to any negligence, breach of statutory duty, omission or default of the Contractor or of any of the Contractor’s Persons. This liability and indemnity is subject to clause 6.3 and, where Insurance Option C (Schedule 3, paragraph C.1) applies, excludes loss or damage to any property required to be insured thereunder caused by a Specified Peril.Injury or damage to property - Works and Site Materials excluded
6.3- 1 Subject to clauses 6.3.2 and 6.3.3, the reference in clause 6.2 to ‘property real or personal’ does not include the Works, work executed and/or Site Materials up to and including whichever is the earlier of:
- 1 the date of issue of the Practical Completion Certificate; or
- 2 the date of termination of the Contractor’s employment.
- 2 Where a Section Completion Certificate is issued in respect of a Section, that Section shall not after the date of issue of that certificate be regarded as ‘the Works’ or ‘work executed’ for the purpose of clause 6.3.1.
- 3 If clause 2.33 has been operated, then, after the Relevant Date, the Relevant Part shall not be regarded as ‘the Works’ or ‘work executed’ for the purpose of clause 6.3.1.
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Insurance against Personal Injury and Property Damage
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Contractor’s insurance of his liability
6.4- 1 Without prejudice to his obligation to indemnify the Employer under clauses 6.1 and 6.2, the Contractor shall take out and maintain insurance in respect of claims arising out of his liability referred to in clauses 6.1 and 6.2 which:
- 1 in respect of claims for personal injury to or the death of any employee of the Contractor arising out of and in the course of such person’s employment, shall comply with all relevant legislation; and
- 2 for all other claims to which clause 6.4.1 applies,1 shall indemnify the Employer in like manner to the Contractor (but only to the extent that the Contractor may be liable to indemnify the Employer under the terms of this Contract) and shall be in a sum not less than that stated in the Contract Particulars for any one occurrence or series of occurrences arising out of one event.2
- 2 As and when reasonably required to do so by the Employer, the Contractor shall send to the Architect/Contract Administrator for inspection by the Employer documentary evidence that the insurances required by clause 6.4.1 have been taken out and are being maintained, and at any time the Employer may (but shall not unreasonably or vexatiously) require that the relevant policy or policies and related premium receipts be sent to the Architect/Contract Administrator for such inspection.
- 3 If the Contractor defaults in taking out or in maintaining insurance in accordance with clause 6.4.1 the Employer may himself insure against any liability or expense which he may incur as a result of such default and the amount paid or payable by him in respect of premiums therefor may be deducted from any sums due or to become due to the Contractor under this Contract or shall be recoverable from the Contractor as a debt.
Contractor’s insurance of liability of Employer
6.5- 1 If the Contract Particulars state that insurance under clause 6.5.1 may be required, the Contractor shall, if instructed by the Architect/Contract Administrator, take out a policy of insurance in the names of the Employer and the Contractor3 for the amount of indemnity there stated in respect of any expense, liability, loss, claim or proceedings which the Employer may incur or sustain by reason of injury or damage to any property caused by collapse, subsidence, heave, vibration, weakening or removal of support or lowering of ground water arising out of or in the course of or by reason of the carrying out of the Works, excluding injury or damage:
- 1 for which the Contractor is liable under clause 6.2; or
- 2 which is attributable to errors or omissions in the designing of the Works; or
- 3 which can reasonably be foreseen to be inevitable having regard to the nature of the work to be executed and the manner of its execution; or
- 4 (if Insurance Option C applies) which it is the responsibility of the Employer to insure under paragraph C.1 of Schedule 3; or
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- 6 which arises from any consequence of war, invasion, act of foreign enemy, hostilities (whether war is declared or not), civil war, rebellion or revolution, insurrection or military or usurped power; or
- 7 which is directly or indirectly caused by or contributed to by or arises from the Excepted Risks; or
- 8 which is directly or indirectly caused by or arises out of pollution or contamination of buildings or other structures or of water or land or the atmosphere happening during the period of insurance, save that this exception shall not apply in respect of pollution or contamination caused by a sudden identifiable, unintended and unexpected incident which takes place in its entirety at a specific moment in time and place during the period of insurance (all pollution or contamination which arises out of one incident being considered for the purpose of this insurance to have occurred at the time such incident takes place); or
- 9 which results in any costs or expenses being incurred by the Employer or in any other sums being payable by the Employer in respect of damages for breach of contract, except to the extent that such costs or expenses or damages would have attached in the absence of any contract.
- 2 Any insurance under clause 6.5.1 shall be placed with insurers approved by the
- 3 Employer, and the Contractor shall send to the Architect/Contract Administrator for deposit with the Employer the policy or policies and related premium receipts. 3 The amounts expended by the Contractor to take out and maintain the insurance referred to in clause 6.5.1 shall be added to the Contract Sum.
Excepted Risks
6.6 Notwithstanding clauses 6.1, 6.2 and 6.4.1, the Contractor shall not be liable either to indemnify the Employer or to insure against any personal injury to or the death of any person or any damage, loss or injury to the Works, Site Materials, work executed, the site or any other property, caused by the effect of an Excepted Risk.Insurance of the Works
Insurance Options
6.7 Insurance Options A, B and C are set out in Schedule 3. The Insurance Option that applies to this Contract is that stated in the Contract Particulars.4Related definitions
6.8 In Schedule 3 and, so far as relevant, in the clauses of these Conditions the following phrases shall have the meanings given below:Page 442
- (a) property which is defective due to:
- (i) wear and tear,
- (ii) obsolescence, or
- (iii) deterioration, rust or mildew;
- (b) any work executed or any Site Materials lost or damaged as a result of its own defect in design, plan, specification, material or workmanship or any other work executed which is lost or damaged in consequence thereof where such work relied for its support or stability on such work which was defective6;
- (c) loss or damage caused by or arising from:
- (i) any consequence of war, invasion, act of foreign enemy, hostilities (whether war be declared or not), civil war, rebellion, revolution, insurrection, military or usurped power, confiscation, commandeering, nationalisation or requisition or loss or destruction of or damage to any property by or under the order of any government de jure or de facto or public, municipal or local authority,
- (ii) disappearance or shortage if such disappearance or shortage is only revealed when an inventory is made or is not traceable to an identifiable event, or
- (iii) an Excepted Risk.
- (a) ionising radiations or contamination by radioactivity from any nuclear fuel or from any nuclear waste from the combustion of nuclear fuel, radioactive toxic explosive or other hazardous properties of any explosive nuclear assembly or nuclear component thereof (other than such risk insofar, but only insofar, as it is included in the Terrorism Cover from time to time required to be taken out and maintained under this Contract);
- (b) pressure waves caused by aircraft or other aerial devices travelling at sonic or supersonic speeds; and
- (c) any act of terrorism that is not within the Terrorism Cover from time to time required to be taken out and maintained under this Contract.
Joint Names Policy: a policy of insurance which includes the Employer and the Contractor as composite insured and under which the insurers have no right of recourse against any person named as an insured, or, pursuant to clause 6.9, recognised as an insured thereunder.