Index

• Abnormal occurrences
  • safety of ports, and
• “About”
  • deadweight capacity, and
• Abstract lifting capacity
  • deadweight capacity, and
• Absurdity, avoidance of
  • interpretation of terms, and
• Acceptance
  • named port, and
  • notice of readiness, and
• Accepted repudiation
  • damages for breach of charter, and
  • termination, and
• Accomplished bills of lading
  • generally
• “Account of”
  • parties to charter, and
• Accuracy of Register
  • description of ship, and
• Act of carrier’s servants
  • introduction
  • management of ship, in
  • navigation of ship, in
  • relevant persons
• Act of God
  • Hague Rules, and
• Act of public enemies
  • Hague Rules, and
• Act of shipper, etc.
  • Hague Rules, and
• Act of war
  • Hague Rules, and
• Actual authority
  • agents, and
• Adequate assurances
  • U.S. law –
• Admixture
  • pumping in and out, and
  • responsibility of owners, and ,
• Advance earning of freight
  • introduction
  • “lost or not lost” ,
  • shipment, on
• Advance payment of freight
  • calculation
  • disbursements at loading port
    • generally ,
    • insurance cover
    • need
    • rate of exchange
  • introduction
  • loading, on
  • sailing, on
  • signature of bill of lading
• Adverse weather
  • and see Weather
  • ASBATANKVOY
• Affirmation
  • deviation, and
  • generally
  • misrepresentation, and
• Affreightment contracts
  • illegality
  • meaning
  • name of vessel, and
• Agents
  • ASBATANKVOY ,
  • GENCON 1976
    • authority to enter into charter –
    • generally
  • GENCON 1994
• Agents (GENCON 1976)
  • appointment
  • authority ,
  • authority to enter into charter
    • actual authority
    • introduction
    • ostensible authority
    • ratification of acts
    • warranty of authority
  • duties
  • liability
    • principle, of
    • third parties, to
  • receipt of freight
  • U.S. law

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  Page 1402

  Agreement
  • termination, and
• “Air draft”
  • draught of vessel, and
• “All laytime saved”
  • definition
• “All time saved”
  • definition
• “All working time saved”
  • definition
• “Alongside” the vessel
  • effect of customs
  • introduction
  • responsibility for handling goods
• Alter ego
  • parties, and , , , , , ,
• “Always accessible”
  • definition ,
  • laytime, and ,
  • safety of ports, and
• “Always available”
  • safety of ports, and
• “Always lie safely afloat”
  • safety of ports, and
• Ambiguity, resolution of
  • interpretation of terms, and
• AMWELSH Coal Charter
  • text
• Amount made good
  • general average, and
• “Anchorage”
  • definition
• Anticipatory repudiation
  • damages for breach of charter, and
• “Apparent order and condition”
  • Hague Rules , –
• Applicable law
  • and see Governing law
  • chosen by parties
  • introduction
  • no choice made by parties –
  • role –
• Apportionment of damages
  • unsafe conditions
• Approach voyage
  • proceeding to loading port, and
• Approvals clause
  • oil majors
• Arbitration
  • ASBATANKVOY
    • generally
    • introduction
  • consolidation
  • consolidation of class actions
  • GENCON 1994, and , –
  • participation of non-signatories
  • U.S. law , –
• Arbitration awards
  • damages for breach of charter, and
• Arbitration clause
  • unjustified deviation, and
• Arrest of princes, etc.
  • Hague Rules, and
• “Arrival at customary anchorage”
  • notice of readiness
• “As agent for”
  • parties to charter, and , –
• “As amended”
  • freight, and
• “As fast as the vessel can received/deliver”
  • definition
• “As laytime”
  • definition
• “As soon as her prior commitments have been completed”
  • generally
• ASBATANKVOY
  • agents –
  • arbitration
    • generally –
    • introduction –
  • bill of lading, issue –
  • bill of lading, terms of –
  • both-to-blame collision ,
  • brokerage commission
  • cancelling , –
  • cargo
    • generally
    • introduction , –
  • class
  • clause paramount –
  • cleaning –
  • condition of ship –
  • damages for breach of charter , –
  • deadfreight –
  • deadweight
  • demurrage , –
  • description of vessel –
  • deviation –
  • discharging ports –
  • exceptions –
  • flash point
  • freight , –
  • fumigation –
  • general average
    • generally –
    • introduction
  • hoses –
  • ice –
  • Jason clause (ASBATANKVOY) –54A.6
  • laytime , –
  • lien –
  • limitation of liability –
  • loading ports –
  • mooring at sea terminals –

  • ---

    Page 1403

    multiple ports counting as one –
  • nomination of ports –
  • oil pollution
    • generally –
    • tanker vetting
  • origin
  • preamble –
  • proceeding to discharging the port
  • pumping in and out –
  • quarantine –
  • safe berthing –
  • shifting –
  • sublet –
  • tanker vetting
  • taxes and dues –
  • text
  • Tovalop
  • vapour pressure –
  • voyage –, –
  • war risks
• Assignment
  • shippers’ rights and liabilities, of
• “At or off the port”
  • laytime, and , ,
• Authority of agents
  • actual authority
  • introduction
  • ostensible authority
  • ratification of acts
  • warranty of authority
• Avoidance of absurdity
  • interpretation of terms, and

• Bad stowage, responsibility for
  • captain , , ,
  • owners
• Bagging bulk cargo
  • f.i.o.s.t. clause, and
• Bailment
  • bill of lading as contract, and
    • bailees’ liabilities
    • bailees’ rights
    • introduction
    • sub-bailment
    • terms, on
  • bill of lading as receipt, and
• Bailment, terms of
  • frustration, and
  • unjustified deviation, and
• Bale capacity
  • description of ship, and
• Ballast
  • cargo, and
• Ballasting time
  • laytime, and
• BALTIMORE Form C Grain Charter Party
  • text
• Bareboat charters
  • meaning
• Barratry
  • ASBATANKVOY
  • owners’ responsibility clause, and
• Battens, wood and mats
  • dunnage –
  • meaning
  • removal
  • separations
• Bearer bill of lading
  • generally
• “Before and at beginning of voyage”
  • Hague Rules
• “Berth”
  • definition
• “Berth or no berth”
  • definition ,
• Berths, safety of
  • and see Ports, places and berths
  • due diligence
  • generally
• Bills of exchange
  • freight, and
• Bills of lading
  • ASBATANKVOY (issue) –
  • ASBATANKVOY (terms) –
  • GENCON 1976 –
  • Hague Rules, and
    • evidence of receipt of goods, as , –
    • issue
  • Hague-Visby Rules, and
  • incorporation of
  • “received for shipment”
  • U.S. COGSA
    • conversion of “received for shipment”
    • evidence
    • false –
• Bills of lading (GENCON 1976)
  • charterparty clause
    • description of goods
    • loss of cargo after payment of advance
    • signature of bill of lading –
    • statements in bill of lading
  • charterparty, under
  • contract of carriage, as
    • and see Contract of carriage, bill of lading as
    • charterparty terms
    • introduction
    • parties –
  • document of title, as
    • and see Document of title, bill of lading as
    • accomplished bills
    • bearer bills
    • delivery
    • effect of negotiability
    • endorsement

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      Page 1404

      exhausted bills
    • introduction
    • order bills
    • received for shipment bills
    • shipped on board bills –
    • special terms –
    • straight bills
    • stoppage in transit
    • through bills
  • form
    • charterparty bill
    • liner bill
    • multi-modal bill ,
    • other variants
  • function
    • contract of carriage, as –
    • document of title, as –
    • generally –,
    • receipt, as –
  • introduction
    • form –
    • meaning
  • meaning
  • nomination of port, and
  • purpose
    • contract of carriage –
    • document of title, as –
    • generally –
    • receipt, as –
  • receipt, as
    • and see Receipt, bill of lading as
    • bailment
    • condition, statements as to –
    • date of loading, statements as to
    • marks, statements as to
    • quality, statements as to
    • quantity, statements as to –
    • representations –
    • weight, statements as to –
  • recourse, owner’s right of
    • and see Indemnity
    • basis –
    • examples –
    • introduction
• BIMCO cargo clause
  • use of
• BIMCO liberty and deviation clause
  • use of
• Blockade
  • generally
  • Government, belligerent or organised body
• Both to blame collision
  • ASBATANKVOY
  • GENCON 1976
• “Bound for”
  • deviation, and
• Breach of charter, remedies for
  • damages
    • and see Damages for breach of charter
    • assessment
    • charterer’s, by –
    • contributory negligence –,
    • currency
    • fixed sums
    • GENCON clause
    • generally
    • liabilities to third party
    • mitigation –
    • owners, by –
    • reliance expenditure –
    • remoteness of damage , ,
    • U.S. law –
  • declaratory relief
  • injunction
  • interest fees and costs ,
  • specific performance
• Breach of collateral warranty, damages for
  • indemnity, and
• “Breakdown”
  • generally , ,
• Bridge obstructions
  • ASBATANKVOY
• Broken stowage
  • cargo, and
• Broker
  • effect of signature, and
  • liability of
  • name
• Brokerage
  • clause not reflecting true agreement
  • commission –
  • liability of broker
  • name of broker
• Brokerage commission
  • ASBATANKVOY
  • GENCON 1976
• Brokerage commission (GENCON 1976)
  • calculation
    • breach of charter, on
    • earned freight, on
    • rescission of charter, on
    • variation of charter, on
  • enforcement of claim
  • freight paid net
    • express provision
    • introduction
    • no express provision
  • non-execution, for
  • U.S. law
• Bulk cargo
  • f.i.o.s.t. clause, and
• Bunkering
  • deviation, and
  • seaworthiness, and

• ---

  Page 1405

  Bunkers
  • cargo, and
• Burden of proof
  • cancelling clause, and
  • claims not arising from unseaworthiness ,
  • clause not arising from unseaworthiness
  • clause paramount, and
  • damages for breach of charter, and
  • deviation, and
  • liens, and
  • owner’s responsibility clause, and
  • pumping in and out, and
  • U.S. COGSA –

• Calculation of laytime
  • basis of day
    • cargo loaded/unloaded per day
    • cargo per hatch
    • cargo per workable hatch
    • U.S. law
  • interruptions
    • cause beyond charterer’s control
    • congestion
    • contractual provisions
    • generally
    • obstructions
    • shipowner’s fault
    • vis major
  • introduction
  • “running days”
  • separate amounts for loading/discharging
  • Sundays and holidays ,
  • “time actually used before commencement”
  • “time waiting for berth” , ,
  • “weather permitting” ,
  • “weather working day”
    • generally
    • of 24 hours
    • of 24 running hours
    • U.S. law –
  • “working days”
• “Call at any ports in any order”
  • deviation, and ,
• Cancelling clause
  • ASBATANKVOY –
  • GENCON 1976 –
• Cancelling clause (GENCON 1976)
  • accrual of right
    • burden of proof
    • readiness –
  • burden of proof
  • consecutive voyage charters, and
  • damages
  • GENCON –
  • generally
  • method of cancellation
  • nature of right
  • notice of readiness
  • premature cancellation
    • charterer, by
    • introduction
    • owner, by –
  • proceeding to loading port, and , ,
  • readiness
    • charterer’s breach
    • degree of readiness
    • introduction
    • place of vessel
    • role of notice of readiness
    • supervening unreadiness
    • time of day
  • strikes, and
• “Captain to sign. . . bills of lading”
  • owner’s right to recourse, and
  • signature of bill of lading, and –
• Capture and confiscation
  • deviation, and
• Cargo
  • ASBATANKVOY
    • generally
    • introduction
  • GENCON 1976
    • charterer’s obligations –
    • generally –
• Cargo (ASBATANKVOY)
  • generally
  • introduction
• Cargo (GENCON 1976)
  • ballast, and
  • BIMCO cargo clause
  • broken stowage, and
  • bunkers, and
  • charterer’s obligations to provide for loading
    • and see Cargo (charterer’s obligations)
    • exceptions to rule –
    • general rule –
    • options –
  • dangerous goods
    • express prohibition
    • implied prohibition
    • inherent vice, and
    • legal obstacles
    • meaning
    • notice requirements
    • U.S. law –
  • de minimis
  • deck cargo
    • exceptions to rule –
    • general rule –
    • rights and responsibilities –
  • descriptive clauses, and
    • capacity of ship
    • fixed amount of cargo –
    • stowage factor of cargo

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    Page 1406

    draught restrictions, and
  • fixed quantities
    • charterparty for cargo
    • de minimis
    • introduction
    • minima and maxima
    • options
    • part cargo
  • “full and complete cargo”
    • ballast
    • broken stowage
    • introduction
    • normal cargo space
    • preparation of goods
    • qualifications
    • stowage
  • harbours with bars, and
  • introduction
  • lawful merchandise
  • loading in breach
  • minimum and maximum quantities
  • option as to quantity
  • owner’s rights
  • part cargo
  • preparation of goods, and
  • proceeding on voyage –
  • stores, and
  • stowage, and
  • stowage factor, and
  • suitability of cargo
  • types
    • introduction
    • lawful merchandise
    • specifically described cargo
  • water, and
• Cargo carrying capacity
  • ASBATANKVOY
  • GENCON 1976
    • “about”
    • generally
    • “without guarantee”
• Cargo (charterer’s obligations)
  • cargo options –
    • failure to exercise
    • introduction
    • method of exercise
    • nomination of delayed cargo
    • revocation
  • consequences of breach
  • contracts of affreightment
  • customary place of storage
  • damages
  • excepted perils
  • exceptions to rule
    • customary place of storage
    • excepted perils
    • express clauses –
    • frustration of charterparty
    • illegality
    • provision of cargo –
  • express clauses
    • customary place of storage
    • general principle of interpretation
    • introduction
  • frustration of charterparty
  • general rule
  • loading in turn
• Cargo claims
  • freight, and
• Cargo conversion
  • generally
• Cargo, damage to
• Cargo gear, operation of
  • f.i.o.s.t. clause, and
  • gross terms, and
    • elevators
    • generally
    • large packages
    • spout
• Cargo interest
  • introduction
  • transfer of liabilities
    • assignment, by
    • generally
    • implied contract, under ,
    • introduction
    • relevant documents –
  • transfer of rights
    • assignment, by
    • generally –
    • implied contract, under ,
    • introduction
    • relevant documents –
• Cargo, lost
  • in-transit loss clauses
• Cargo retention clause
  • clause paramount, and
  • freight, and
• Cargo taxes
  • loading/discharging cargo, and
• Cargo voyage
  • ASBATANKVOY –
  • GENCON 1976
• Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1924
  • general provisions
  • schedule
• Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1971
  • general provisions
  • schedule
• Carriage of Goods by Sea Act 1992
  • general provisions , –
• Carriage

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  Page 1407

  of Goods by Sea (Parties to Convention) Order 1985
  • general provisions
  • schedule
• Carrier
  • GENCON 1976
  • governing law, and
  • Hague Rules , –
• Cash payment (freight)
  • bills of lading, and
    • differing terms as to earning of freight
    • generally –
    • prepaid bills
  • generally –
• Causation
  • damages for breach of charter, and
  • general average, and
  • indemnity, and
• CERCLA
  • derivative liability, and
• Certificates of financial responsibility
  • oil pollution, and
• Cesser clauses
  • and see Liens
  • cost of exercise of lien, and
  • exercise of lien, and
  • general average, and
  • U.S. law
• Chartered tonnage
  • description of ship, and
• Charterer
  • authority of agents –
  • identity
  • signature of bill of lading, and
  • title to sue
• Charterer’s bill of lading
  • generally
• Charterer’s obligations
  • charterer’s breach
  • cargo provision, and
    • exceptions to rule –
    • general rule
    • options –
  • contracts of affreightment
  • damages
  • “fairly evenly spread”
  • general rule
  • implied terms, and
• Charterer’s risk
  • deck cargo, and
  • generally –
• Charterparty
  • meaning
• Charterparty bill of lading
  • “conditions” and “terms” distinguished
  • generally
  • terms
    • “terms” distinguished
    • identification of charterparty
    • incorporation into bill
    • introduction
• Charterparty clause
  • description of goods
  • loss of cargo after payment of advance
  • rate of freight
    • agreement to discharge port outside agreed range
    • cash payment –
    • form of bill at charterer’s discretion
    • generally
    • non-specific form of bill required
    • specific form of bill required
  • signature of bill of lading
    • as presented
    • captain, by
    • charterer, by
    • mate’s receipts, in accord with
    • without prejudice to charterparty ,
  • statements in bill of lading
• Charterparty Laytime Definitions
  • generally
  • text
• Cheque payment
  • freight, and
• Choice of law
  • chosen by parties
    • demonstration of reasonable certainty, by
    • express choice, by
    • “floating” clauses
    • general rule
    • other indication, by
  • Contracts (Applicable Law) Act 1990, under
  • course of dealing, and
  • demonstration of reasonable certainty, by
    • course of dealing
    • express choice of forum
    • introduction
    • other indications
    • particular words
    • reference to provisions of system of law
    • use of standard form
  • express choice, by
  • express choice of forum, and
  • “floating” clauses
  • GENCON 1994, and
  • general average, and
  • introduction
  • limitation of shipowners’ liability, and
  • no choice made by parties
    • “carrier”
    • “consignor”
    • “contract for the carriage of goods” –

    • ---

      Page 1408

      generally
    • “place of loading/discharge”
  • other indication, by
  • particular words, and
  • procedural law
  • reference to provisions of system of law, and
  • role
  • Rome Convention 1990, under –
  • use of standard form, and
• Civil commotion
  • Hague Rules, and
  • war risks, and
• Civil Liability Conventions 1969 & 1992
  • oil pollution, and –, , , –
• Civil War
  • war risks, and
• Classification of terms
  • conditions
  • intermediate term
  • introduction
  • warranty
• Classification society
  • ASBATANKVOY
  • GENCON 1976 ,
• Clause paramount
  • ASBATANKVOY –
  • GENCON 1976
    • dangerous goods
    • owners’ responsibility clause
  • Hague Rules
    • generally –
    • introduction
• Clausing
  • bill of lading, and
• Clean bill of lading
  • captain’ signature, and
• Cleaning
  • acceptance
  • charterer’s liability
  • charterer’s satisfaction
  • frustration
  • generally
  • nitrogen purging
  • owner’s responsibility
  • rejection
• “Clear days”
  • definition
• Closest and most real connection
  • conflict of laws, and
• Closing hatches
  • f.i.o.s.t. clause, and
• COAs
  • meaning
• Coating
  • description
• COFRs
  • oil pollution, and ,
• Collateral warranty, damages for breach of
  • indemnity, and
• Combined transport bill of lading
  • generally
• Commencement of laytime
  • ASBATANKVOY –
• Commencement of laytime (GENCON 1976)
  • charterer’s delay
  • notice of readiness
    • acceptance
    • fixed free period
    • generally –
    • waiver
    • U.S. law –
  • place
  • readiness to load/discharge
• Commercial purpose
  • frustration, and
  • interpretation of terms, and
• Commodity exchange price
  • Hague-Visby Rules, and
• “Computed on intake quantity”
  • and see Intake quantity
  • freight, and
• Concluding binding agreement
  • intention to contract
  • introduction
  • prerequisites –
  • “subject to contract” et al.
• Conclusive evidence clauses
  • bill of lading, and ,
• “Condition”
  • laytime, and
• Condition of vessel and gear
  • description of ship, and
• Condition, statements as to
  • clausing
  • generally
• “Condition unknown”
  • bill of lading, and
• Conditions
  • and see Terms of charter
  • bill of lading, and
  • description of ship, and
    • flag ,
    • generally
  • generally
  • “terms” distinguished
• Conflict of laws rules
  • closest and most real connection
  • duress, and
  • express choice
  • implied choice
    • agreement of parties –
    • arbitration clause

    • ---

      Page 1409

      circumstances taken into court
    • exclusive jurisdiction clause
    • incorporation of documents
  • introduction
• CONGENBILL 2007
  • text
• Congestion
  • ASBATANKVOY
  • generally
• Conline bill of lading
  • generally
• “Consecutive days”
  • definition
• Consecutive voyage charter
  • cancelling clause, and
  • frustration, and
  • meaning
  • name of vessel, and –
  • unjustified deviation, and
• Consequential delays
  • strikes, and
• “Consignor”
  • governing law, and
• Consolidation
  • U.S. law
• Containers
  • deck cargo, and
• “Contamination”
  • responsibility of owners, and
• Contract of affreightment
  • illegality
  • meaning
  • name of vessel, and –
• Contract for the carriage of goods
  • governing law, and
  • Hague Rules, and
• Contract of carriage, bill of lading as
  • cargo interest
    • introduction
    • transfer of rights and liabilities –
  • carrier’s identity
  • charterparty terms
    • identification of charterparty
    • incorporation into bill of lading
    • introduction
  • identity of carrier
  • introduction
  • parties
    • bailees –
    • cargo interest
    • carrier
    • introduction
    • lawful holder of bill
    • owner’s employees
    • shipper
    • stevedores
    • third partis
  • shipper
    • introduction
    • transfer of rights and liabilities –
  • transfer of rights and liabilities
    • assignment, by
    • CGSA 1992, under –
    • implied contract, under –
    • introduction
• Contracts (Applicable Law) Act 1990
  • and see Governing law
  • generally
• Contracts of affreightment
  • illegality
  • meaning
• Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999
  • text , –,
• Contracts to indemnify
  • express
  • implied
• Contractual liability
  • bill of lading, and
• Contributing interests
  • general average, and
• Contributory negligence
  • claimant’s fault
  • costs
  • defendant’s fault –
  • introduction
  • limitation
  • statutory provisions
• “Corporate veil”
  • arbitration
  • generally
  • liability of party
  • liability in tort ,
  • tort
  • transfer of assets
• Corrosive goods
  • BIMCO cargo clause
  • clause paramount, and
  • express prohibition
  • implied prohibition –
  • improper stowage, and ,
  • inherent vice, and
  • legal obstacles
  • meaning
  • negligent stowage, and ,
  • notice requirements
  • U.S. law
• Costs
  • loading/discharging cargo, and
• Costs of proceedings
  • damages for breach of charter, and

• ---

  Page 1410

  Course of dealing
  • governing law, and
• Crude oil washing
  • acceptance
  • charterer’s liability
  • charterer’s satisfaction
  • frustration
  • generally
  • nitrogen purging
  • owner’s responsibility
  • rejection
• Cubic capacity
  • description of ship, and –,
  • deadfreight, and
• Currency of loss
  • Hague-Visby Rules, and
• Currency of payment
  • damages for breach of charter, and ,
  • freight, and
• Current market price
  • Hague-Visby Rules, and
• Custom
  • deck cargo, and
  • deviation, and
  • discharge cargo, and
  • interpretation of terms, and
  • laytime, and
  • lighterage, and
  • loading cargo, and
• “Customary anchorage”
  • generally
• Customary Freight Unit
  • under U.S. COGSA , –
• Customary place of storage
  • cargo (charterer’s obligations), and
• “Customs clearance”
  • ASBATANKVOY
  • GENCON 1976
• “Customary despatch”
  • definition

• “Damage caused by contact with other goods”
  • owner’s responsibility, and
• Damage to cargo
  • damages for breach of charter, and ,
  • freight, and
  • frustration, and
• Damage to ship
  • damages for breach of contract, and
  • frustration, and
• Damaged goods
  • Hague-Visby Rules, and
• Damages
  • actual, under U.S. COGSA
  • apportionment
  • breach of charter, for
    • and see Damages for breach of charter
    • assessment
    • charterer’s, by –
    • contributory negligence –
    • currency
    • fixed sums
    • GENCON clause
    • generally
    • liabilities to third party
    • mitigation
    • owners, by –
    • reliance expenditure –
    • remoteness of damage , ,
    • U.S. law –
  • breach of collateral warranty, for
  • deadfreight, and
  • demurrage
  • deviation –
  • exceptions
  • freight
  • “full cargo”
  • Hague Rules (Article III), under
  • Hague-Visby Rules, under
    • commodity exchange price
    • currency of loss
    • current market price
    • damaged goods
    • date of ascertainment of value
      • late delivery
      • lost goods
      • normal value
      • relevant price
      • subsidy loss
      • total amount recoverable
      • value of goods
    • differences from indemnity
      • causation
      • generally
      • limitation of action
      • remoteness
    • examples
      • captain to sign clean bill of lading
      • departure from bill
      • inaccurate statements in bill
      • manifestly unlawful act
      • terms of bill differ from charter
      • unsigned bill
  • introduction
  • misrepresentation –
  • U.S. law –, , , , –
• Damages for breach of charter
  • ASBATANKVOY –
  • GENCON 1976 –
• Damages for breach of charter (GENCON 1976)
  • anticipatory repudiation
  • arbitration awards
  • assessment

    • ---

      Page 1411

      accepted repudiatory breach
    • introduction
    • non-determining breach
  • burden of proof
  • cargo damage, for
  • causation
  • charterers, by
    • detention of ship ,
    • failure to nominate loading port
    • failure to provide cargo ,
    • loss of profit
    • nomination of unsafe port
    • physical damage to ship ,
    • U.S. law
  • contributory negligence
    • claimant’s fault
    • costs
    • defendant’s fault –
    • introduction
    • limitation
    • statutory provisions
  • costs of proceedings
  • currency
  • damage to cargo, for ,
  • delivery delay, for
  • detention of ship, for ,
  • failure to load complete cargo, for
  • failure to nominate loading port, for
  • failure to provide cargo, for ,
  • failure to provide loading ship, for ,
  • fixed sums
  • GENCON clause
  • generally
  • indemnity, and –
  • interest
  • introduction
  • judgments
  • liabilities to third party
    • arbitration awards
    • costs of proceedings
    • introduction
    • judgments
    • settlement
  • loading delay, for
  • loss of bargain, for
  • loss of profit, for
    • introduction
    • multiple substitute charters
    • sub-charters
  • mitigation
    • disproportionate costs
    • generally
    • time when duty arises
    • U.S. law
  • nomination of unsafe port, for
  • non-delivery, for ,
  • obstacles ,
  • optional methods of performance ,
  • owners, by
    • cargo damage
    • delivery delay
    • failure to provide loading ship ,
    • loading delay
    • non-delivery ,
    • short delivery ,
    • short loading ,
    • sub-charters
    • title to sue
    • U.S. law –
  • physical damage to ship, for ,
  • punitive sums
  • reliance expenditure –
  • recovery of expenses ,
  • remoteness of damage , ,
  • restitutio in integrum, and
  • settlement costs
  • short delivery, for ,
  • short loading, for ,
• Damages for detention
  • demurrage, and , , ,
  • lien, for
• Dangerous goods
  • GENCON 1976
    • BIMCO cargo clause
    • clause paramount, and
    • express prohibition
    • implied prohibition –
    • improper stowage, and ,
    • inherent vice, and
    • legal obstacles
    • meaning
    • negligent stowage, and ,
    • notice requirements
    • U.S. law
  • Hague Rules
    • carrier’s rights –
    • common law, and
    • consent to carry
    • fault of shipper
    • generally , –
    • introduction
    • knowledge of goods –
    • U.S. COGSA
• Date of loading, statements as to
  • bill of lading, and
• “Day”
  • definition
• “Day by day”
  • demurrage, and
• De minimis
  • cargo, and

• ---

  Page 1412

  Deadfreight
  • ASBATANKVOY –
  • cubic capacity, versus
  • damages
  • defenses
  • GENCON 1976
  • general
  • liens, and
  • payment liability
  • protest of short-loading
  • U.S. law ,
• Deadweight capacity
  • ASBATANKVOY
  • GENCON 1976
    • “about”
    • generally
    • “without guarantee”
• Deballasting time
  • ASBATANKVOY
• Deceit, tort of
  • and see Misrepresentation
  • damages, and
• Deck cargo
  • deviation, and
  • exceptions to rule
    • containers
    • custom of trade
    • express provision –
    • specially designed vessel
  • freight, and
  • general average
  • general rule
  • Hague Rules, and
  • rights and responsibilities
    • authorised deck carriage
    • entitlement to freight
    • unauthorised deck carriage
  • seaworthiness, and
  • shipper’s risk, and
  • stowage, and
• “Default”
  • owner’s responsibility, and
• Delay
  • damages for breach of charter, and
    • delivery –,
    • loading , ,
  • demurrage, and
  • deviation, and
    • common law, at
    • generally –
    • introduction
    • other clauses
    • unjustifiable –
    • U.S. law ,
  • frustration, and ,
  • assessment
  • loading cargo
  • ship
• Delegation
  • nomination of port, and
• Deletions
  • interpretation of terms, and
• Delivered quantity
  • conclusive evidence ,
  • generally
• Delivery of cargo
  • bill of lading, and –
  • damages for delay
  • damages for non-delivery ,
  • damages for short delivery ,
  • deviation, and
    • post-affirmation –
    • post-rescission –
  • express provisions
    • agent –
    • land and warehouse goods
  • failure to take
    • carrier’s rights –
    • generally
  • f.i.o. terms, on
  • freight, and
    • generally ,
    • right and true
  • introduction
  • meaning
  • method
  • mixed goods, and
    • apportioning unidentifiable goods
    • introduction
    • shipowner’s fault
    • shipper’s fault
    • shipowners/consignees goods –
  • notification of readiness
  • place
  • recipients
  • U.S. law
  • warehousing goods, and
• Delivery, payment on
  • generally
  • right and true
• Delivery of vessel
  • description of ship
  • speed, and
• Demise charter
  • meaning
• Demonstration of reasonable certainty
  • and see Governing law
  • course of dealing
  • express choice of forum
  • introduction
  • other indications
  • particular words
  • reference to provisions of system of law
  • use of standard form

• ---

  Page 1413

  Demurrage
  • ASBATANKVOY
    • generally –
    • introduction
  • definition
  • GENCON 1976 –
• Demurrage (ASBATANKVOY)
  • calculation of rate
  • “delay by tugboat”
  • exceptions
    • duration
    • half rate demurrage –
    • introduction
  • explosion
  • fire
  • generally
  • half rate
  • interest
  • introduction
  • laches
  • lock-out
  • machinery breakdown , ,
  • period of excused delay
  • storm
  • strike , , ,
  • strike by tugboat crew
  • time bars
• Demurrage (GENCON 1976)
  • damages for detention, and , , ,
  • delay
  • duration
  • exceptions clause –
  • generally
  • introduction
  • liens, and
  • mitigation, and ,
  • persons liable
  • shipowner’s fault
  • strikes, and
  • time bar clauses
  • time for payment
• Departure from bill
  • indemnity, and
• Deposit
  • New Jason clause
• Description of ship (ASBATANKVOY) –
• Description of ship (GENCON 1976)
  • accuracy of Register
  • bale capacity
  • cargo carrying capacity
  • chartered tonnage
  • classification society
  • condition of vessel and gear
  • deadweight capacity
    • “about”
    • generally
    • “without guarantee”
  • draught on arrival
  • flag ,
  • grab discharge suitability
  • introduction
  • length
  • name
    • generally ,
    • nomination, and
    • substitution, and
  • nationality
  • nomination of vessel
  • oil major approvals
  • registered tonnage
  • self-discharging
  • speed
  • substitution of vessel
  • sugar charters
  • term, as
    • introduction
    • type
  • time of compliance
  • transhipment, and
  • “without guarantee”
• “Despatch”
  • definition
• “Despatch money”
  • definition
• “Despatch on all time saved”
  • definition
• “Despatch on all working time saved”
  • definition
• Destruction of cargo
  • frustration, and
• Detention of ship
  • damages for ,
• Deviation
  • ASBATANKVOY –
  • BIMCO clause
  • bunkering
  • burden of proof
  • “call at any ports in any order” ,
  • capture or confiscation
  • customary route
  • deck cargo
  • delay
  • direct route
    • discharging cargo, and
    • generally
    • loading cargo, and
    • navigation, and
  • discharging cargo
  • express provisions
  • “for any purpose”
  • GENCON 1976

    • ---

      Page 1414

      “call at any ports in any order” ,
    • “for any purpose”
    • generally –
    • saving life or property
    • “tow and assist vessels”
    • U.S. law –
  • GENCON 1994
  • generally –
  • Hague Rules
    • effect of reasonable deviation
    • effect of unreasonable deviation
    • effect on other terms
    • introduction
    • reasonableness ,
    • saving life or property
  • introduction
  • limitation of liability
  • loading cargo ,
  • navigational reasons
  • necessity
    • avoid capture or confiscation
    • fill-up cargo
    • generally
    • reasonableness
    • repairs
    • save life
  • other clauses
  • owners’ responsibility clause, and
  • proceeding to loading port, and
  • repairs
  • saving life or property
    • GENCON clause
    • generally
  • time bar
  • “tow and assist vessels”
  • unjustifiable deviation, effect of
    • introduction
    • post-affirmation delivery –
    • post-rescission delivery –
  • unseaworthiness
  • U.S. law
  • usual and customary route
    • bunkering
    • generally ,
• Director
  • effect of signature, and
• Disbursements at loading port
  • generally ,
  • insurance cover
  • need
  • rate of exchange
• “Discharge from all liability”
  • Hague Rules
• Discharging cargo
  • background
  • bagging bulk cargo
  • cargo gear
    • f.i.o.s.t. terms
    • gross terms –
  • cargo taxes
  • closing hatches
  • costs
  • custom of port
  • deviation, and
  • exception clauses
  • f.i.o.s.t. terms
    • bagging bulk cargo
    • cargo gear
    • closing hatches
    • effect
    • incorporation
    • introduction
    • loading space with difficult access
    • opening hatches
    • stevedores
    • supervision of captain
    • winchmen
  • gross terms
    • cargo gear –
    • introduction
    • point of delivery and receipt –
    • reload
    • seaworthy trim
    • stowage
  • Hague Rules, and
    • burden of proof , –
    • “discharge”
    • introduction
    • “properly and carefully”
  • lighterage
  • liner terms
  • loading space with difficult access
  • opening hatches
  • point of delivery and receipt –
  • port dues
  • reload
  • seaworthy trim
  • ship’s rail rule
    • cost of operations
    • generally –
    • problems
    • risk of operations
  • stevedores
  • stowage
  • strikes, and
  • supervision of captain
  • winchmen
• Discharging port
  • acceptance
  • ASBATANKVOY –
  • GENCON 1976 –

• ---

  Page 1415

  Discharging port (GENCON 1976)
  • definition
  • General Ice Clause
    • generally –
    • safe port warranty, and –
    • sub-clause (a)
    • sub-clause (b)
    • sub-clause (c)
  • ice, and
    • generally
    • safe port warranty, and
  • identification
    • generally –
  • introduction
  • master’s decisions
  • nomination
    • bill of lading, under
    • charter’s obligation –
    • delegation, by
    • effect
    • generally
    • impossibility –
  • proceeding to
  • renomination
  • safe ports –
  • safety
    • definition
    • particular vessel
    • types –
    • warranty –
  • unsafe conditions –
  • waiver
  • warranty of safety
    • choice from range of named ports
    • choice from range of unnamed ports
    • choice of berth within port
    • introduction
    • named ports
    • operative time –
    • scope –
• Discharging port, proceeding to
  • ASBATANKVOY –
  • GENCON 1976 –
• Dispatch
  • generally
• Disponent owner
  • chartered tonnage, and
  • party, as
  • seaworthiness, personal want of due diligence , ,
• Dispute resolution
  • GENCON 1994, and
• Document of title, bill of lading as
  • accomplished bills
  • bearer bills
  • delivery
  • effect of negotiability
  • exhausted bills
  • indorsement
    • generally
    • pledges
    • sales
  • introduction
  • misdelivery
    • generally
    • special terms, and
  • order bills
    • endorsement
    • generally
  • received for shipment bills
  • shipped on board bills –
  • special terms
    • discharge against letter of indemnity
    • generally
  • stoppage in transit
  • straight bills
  • through bills
• Draught of vessel
  • “air draft”
  • cargo, and
  • generally
  • “WLTHC”
• “Due diligence”
  • Hague Rules
• Dues and taxes
  • ASBATANKVOY –
  • GENCON 1976
  • GENCON 1994
• Dunnage
  • meaning
  • removal
  • separations
  • U.S. law
• Duress
  • conflict of laws, and
  • generally

• Earned clause
  • introduction
  • “lost or not lost” ,
  • shipment, on
• Ejusdem generis
  • interpretation of terms, and
• Election to sue party
  • generally
• Employees of carrier
  • bill of lading, and
• Employees of owner
  • bill of lading, and
• Environmental pollution
  • general average, and
    • generally
    • non-separation agreements ,

• ---

  Page 1416

  Equipment and supplies
  • seaworthiness, and
• Errors in navigation
  • Hague-Visby Rules
• Essential terms
  • and see Terms of charter
• Estoppel
  • bill of lading, and
• “Every way fitted”
  • dunnage, and
• Exceeding limit of liability
  • agreement for higher figure
  • declaration of value and nature –
  • introduction –
• “Excepted”
  • definition
• Excepted perils
  • proceeding to loading port, and
• Exception clauses
  • demurrage, and
  • ice
    • and see Ice
    • discharging port ,
    • introduction
    • loading port ,
    • U.S. law
  • loading/discharging cargo, and
  • strikes, and
    • and see trikes
    • discharging cargo, and –
    • exceptions , ,
    • generally –
    • introduction
    • loading cargo, and –
    • meaning
    • U.S. law –
  • war risks
    • and see War risks
    • conditions of rights and liberties
    • effect
    • extra expenses
    • freight
    • frustration, and
    • introduction –
    • meaning
    • non-exercise of liberties
    • pre-existing risks
    • rights and liberties –
• Exceptions to liability of carrier
  • act, etc., of master, etc.
  • act, etc., of shipper, etc.
  • Act of God
  • act of public enemies
  • act of war
  • any other cause arising without fault or privity
  • arrest of princes, etc.
  • civil commotion
  • fire
  • inadequacy of marks
  • inherent defect of goods
  • insufficiency of marks
  • insufficiency of packing
  • latent defects
  • lock-outs
  • perils of the seas –
  • quarantine restrictions
  • restraint of labour
  • restraint of princes, etc.
  • riots
  • saving life or property
  • seizure under legal process
  • stoppage
  • strikes , ,
  • vice of goods
  • wastage in bulk or weight
• Exceptions to owners’ responsibility clause
  • burden of proof
  • contribution and indemnity
  • descriptive clauses, and
  • financial loss
  • introduction
  • matters, acts or omissions
  • other clauses, and
  • when apply
• “Excluded”
  • definition
• Excluded cargoes (ASBATANKVOY)
  • flashpoint
  • vapour pressure
• Exclusion of liability
  • Hague-Visby Rules, and
• Exclusion of shipper’s liability
  • Hague Rules, and
• Exclusive jurisdiction
  • Hague-Visby Rules, and
• Executory contracts
  • liens, and
• Exemption clauses
  • Hague Rules, and
    • activities beyond those covered
    • “any clause, covenant or agreement”
    • “benefit of insurance”
    • “contract of carriage”
    • extent of effect
    • insurance agreements
    • introduction
    • “liability for loss or damage to or in connection with goods”
    • matters on which silent
    • only parts of term offend
    • periods beyond those covered
    • third party rights
  • interpretation of terms, and –

• ---

  Page 1417

  Exhausted bills
  • bill of lading, and
• Existence of peril
• Expected ready to load date
  • “about” ,
  • general obligation –
  • generally
  • reasonable grounds
• Expected time of arrival
  • notice
• Explosion
  • ASBATANKVOY
• Explosive goods
  • GENCON 1976
    • BIMCO cargo clause
    • clause paramount, and
    • express prohibition
    • implied prohibition –
    • improper stowage, and ,
    • inherent vice, and
    • legal obstacles
    • meaning
    • negligent stowage, and ,
    • notice requirements
    • U.S. law
  • Hague-Visby rules
    • carrier’s rights –
    • common law, and
    • consent to carry
    • fault of shipper
    • generally
    • introduction
    • knowledge of goods –
• Express contract to indemnify
  • indemnity, and
• Express terms
  • external evidence
    • agreed meaning of expression
    • commercial purpose
    • custom
    • factual background
    • resolution of ambiguity
    • special meaning
    • subsequent communication
    • technical meaning
  • generally
  • interpretation
    • external evidence
    • general principle
    • specific guidelines
• Extended freight
  • and see Demurrage
  • ASBATANKVOY ,
  • GENCON 1976 –, , , , , , ,
  • GENCON 1994
• Extra expenses
  • war risks, and
• Extraordinary expenditure
  • general average, and
• Extraordinary sacrifice
  • general average, and